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Silesian People's Party
The Silesian People’s Party ((チェコ語:Slezská lidová strana), (ドイツ語:Schlesische Volkspartei), (ポーランド語:Śląska Partia Ludowa), ) was a political organization in Cieszyn Silesia that existed from 1909 to 1938 in Austrian Silesia, which later became international plebiscite territory and finally part of Czechoslovakia. The party included mainly Slavic people, who saw themselves as members of a Silesian nation.〔Rede des Landtagabg() Koždon in der Budgetdebatte des schlesischen Landtages (44. Sitzung) am 8. November 1910 in: Josef Koždon, Über die Sonderstellung der schlesischen Polen, die nationalen Verhältnisse und die allpolnische Propaganda in Ostschlesien, Skotschau 1910.〕〔Kronika.(Śląskim „Ślązakom”), „Dziennik Cieszyński” nr 56, 10.03.1909.〕〔„Ślązak” a socyaliści, „Gwiazdka Cieszyńska” nr 16, 24.02.1909.〕〔„Ślązak” z 28.01. 1910.〕〔„Ślązak” z 18.12.1909〕〔Czesi, Niemcy – „ślązakowcy”, „Dziennik Cieszyński” nr 190, 21.08.1909.〕〔Ciesz się narodzie śląski!, „Dziennik Cieszyński” nr 218, 24.09.1909.〕〔„Ślązak” z 28.01. 1910.〕 The party is seen as part of the Szlonzakian movement ((ポーランド語:ruch ślązakowski), (チェコ語:Šlonzácké hnutí), (ドイツ語:Schlonsakenbewegung)) or Silesian Separatist Movement.
==Genesis==
The Silesian People's Party was founded in summer of 1908 by the principal of an elementary school, Józef Kożdoń, in Skoczów. On February 7, 1909,〔http://www.skoczow.pl/?p=p_116&sName=kronika-miasta-971-r.--2000-r.〕 the party counted about 2,000 members in 30 local groups〔Andrzej Szefer, Współpraca tzw. Ślązakowców z Niemcami, "Zaranie Śląskie", Katowice – Cieszyn 1963; Josef Koždon, Aus der jüngster Geschichte der Teschener Landes – Errinerungen und Erlebnisse, "Schlesisches Jahrbuch", Breslau 1940.〕 in the counties of Bielsko, Cieszyn and Fryštát. Local groups in Frydek county formed later. Members and electors of the SPP came from Protestant circles among the citizens of Cieszyn Silesia, so the largest organizations within the party existed in Bielsko and Cieszyn, where large Protestant communities lived. The party's largest local groups, as of 1913, existed in Skoczów (214 members) and Cieszyn (210 members).
The goals of the SPP were not new – similar sentiments had been present in Cieszyn Silesia since the Revolutions of 1848〔E. Buława, ''Od wspólnoty etnicznej do ukształtowania się wspólnot narodowych'' (1840–1917), () Śląsk Cieszyński. Środowisko naturalne. Zarys dziejów. Zarys kultury materialnej i duchowej pod red. W. Sosny, Cieszyn 2001, s. 185, ISBN 83-88271-07-5.〕 – but this was the first time that supporters of Silesian independence were organized into a distinct political party. Silesian nationalist positions were first advocated by the Union of Austrian Silesians, which was founded in 1848 by Silesian deputies of the Austrian Parliament: Franz Hein, Hans Kudlich and Johann Demel von Elswehr. Such sentiments were also voiced informally by community institutions, like the paper ''Nowy Czas'' (New Time), edited by preacher Theodor Haase. "The Szlonzakian movement had expanded in the nineties of the 19th century, collecting Slavic people who didn’t want to vote for Poles or Czechs and chose attachment to a separate Silesian nation".〔Ružena Vyhnalikova w A. Grobelny (red.), K otazkam dějin Slezska, Ostrava 1956.〕 Silesian nationalism achieved successes mainly in the judicial districts of Skoczów, Strumień and Frydek.〔Józef Chlebowczyk, Nad Olzą. Śląsk Cieszyński w wiekach XVIII, XIX i XX, Katowice 1971.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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